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National Baseball Congress World Series

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NBC World Series
FrequencyAnnual
Location(s)Wichita, Kansas, USA
InauguratedAugust 1935
(Lawrence Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Most recentAugust 2022
(Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Next eventAugust 3–12, 2023
(Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Participants16 NBC affiliated amateur teams qualify
Organized byNational Baseball Congress
Websitenbcbaseball.com

The National Baseball Congress World Series or NBC World Series is an annual collegiate and semi-pro baseball tournament held in Wichita, Kansas. Satchel Paige, Don Sutton, Tom Seaver, Ozzie Smith, Tony Gwynn, Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens are just a few of the Major League Baseball stars who have played in the tournament.[1]

When the national tournament started in 1935, participants were primarily town teams and industrial teams. Team rosters featured aging former minor league and major league ballplayers and players ineligible for major league baseball. In the mid-1960s team rosters transitioned to collegiate players, including prospects on the fast path to the major leagues.[2] In 1975, the NBC World Series began recognizing a tournament participant who went on to a major league career as Graduate of the Year.[1]

The first NBC World Series called the "Little World Series" was held August 13–27, 1935 at Lawrence Stadium in Wichita. National Baseball Congress founder Hap Dumont was director of the National Tournament Committee of Wichita that put on the tournament. Thirty-two teams were invited to the first national tournament. A focus was put on diversity with five teams classified as "integrated," one team consisted of Native American players and another of Japanese players.[3]

Future Baseball Hall of Famer Satchel Paige was signed to a $1,000 personal appearance contract for the 1935 tournament. A victim of the baseball color barrier, Paige was not eligible to play minor league or major league baseball. Paige won four games, striking out 60 batters while leading the Bismarck Churchills to the first NBC World Series championship. He was named MVP of the tournament.

Dumont recruited Baseball Hall of Fame member Honus Wagner as the guest of honor at the 1935 opening night banquet. In addition to Wagner, celebrity guests who have been honored at the opening night banquet include: Stan Musial, Mickey Mantle, Dizzy Dean, Connie Mack, Allie Reynolds, Fred Clarke and Rin Tin Tin.[4]

Teams bolstered by military service players dominated the WWII (1943–1945) and Korean War (1952–1955) tournaments. During these eras, major league players were serving at military bases across the country and playing for the base teams. 1953 World Series MVP Billy Martin played in the 1954 NBC World Series with the Goodland, Kansas Tigers. A new rule making major league "name" stars unavailable in National Baseball Congress tournaments was implemented following the 1955 NBC World Series.[5]

Notably, the Santa Barbara Foresters and the Seattle Studs have made up one or both of the teams in every championship game since 2005, save for 2007, 2009, 2017, and 2024.

NBC Champions

[edit]
Year Champion Runner-Up MVP
2024 Hays Larks Hutchinson Monarchs Garrett Gruell (Hays)
2023 Hutchinson Monarchs[6] Santa Barbara Foresters Max Buettenback (Hutchinson)
2022 Santa Barbara Foresters Hays Larks Gavin Kash (Santa Barbara)
2021 Lonestar, Texas Justin Eckhardt (Santa Barbara)
2020 Cheney Diamond Dawgs Sean Johnson (Santa Barbara)
2019 Seattle Studs Henry Cheney (Seattle)
2018 Santa Barbara Foresters NJCAA National Team Patrick Mathis (Santa Barbara)
2017 Kansas Stars Everett Merchants Ryan Langerhans (Kansas)
2016 Santa Barbara Foresters Hays Larks Jacob Patterson (Santa Barbara)
2015 Seattle Studs Haysville Aviators Connor Savage (Seattle)
2014 Santa Barbara Foresters Seattle Studs Jon Duplantier (Santa Barbara)
2013 Seattle Studs Wellington Heat David Benson (Seattle)
2012 Santa Barbara Foresters Seattle Studs Zach Fish (Santa Barbara)
2011 Peninsula Oilers Mitch Morrman (Santa Barbara)
2010 Liberal Bee Jays Seattle Studs Paul Gonzalez (Liberal)
2009 El Dorado Broncos Anchorage Glacier Pilots Jake Sabol (El Dorado)
2008 Santa Barbara Foresters Seattle Studs Kevin Keyes (Santa Barbara)
2007 Lake Havasu City Heat Hays Larks Brad Arnett (Havasu, Arizona Heat)
2006 Santa Barbara Foresters Derby, Kansas Twins Jon Qualls & Matt Whitaker (Derby)
2005 Prairie Gravel (IL) Santa Barbara Foresters Ryan Annetsberger (Prairie Gravel)
2004 Aloha Knights (OR) Mat-Su Miners Scott Simon (Mat-Su)
2003 Chinese Taipei Santa Barbara Foresters Chang-Wei Tu (Taipei)
2002 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Anchorage Glacier Pilots Blake Gill (Fairbanks)
2001 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Hays Larks Jeff Francis (Anchorage)
2000 Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Cory Metzler (Liberal)
1999 Dallas, Texas Phillies Peninsula Oilers Marco Cunningham (Dallas)
1998 El Dorado Broncos Nevada, Missouri Griffons Jason Aspito (El Dorado)
1997 Mat-Su Miners Jeff Juarez (Nevada)
1996 El Dorado Broncos Tacoma, Washington Timbers Kevin Frederick (El Dorado)
1995 Team USA Hays Larks Lance Berkman (Hays)
1994 Peninsula Oilers Wichita Broncos Jesse Zepeda (Peninsula)
1993 Beatrice, Nebraska Bruins Jeff Poor (Peninsula)
1992 Midlothian, Illinois White Sox Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Mike Kane (Midlothian)
1991 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Peninsula Oilers Chris Hmielewski (Peninsula)
1990 Wichita Broncos Midlothian, Illinois White Sox Kirk Vucsko (Midlothian)
1989 Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivans Jim Huslig (El Dorado, Kansas Broncos)
1988 Everett, Washington Merchants Midlothian, Illinois White Sox Dave Wong (Everett)
1987 Mat-Su Miners Wichita Broncos Ken Kreimers (Mat-Su)
1986 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians Steve Bales (Anchorage)
1985 Liberal, Kansas BeeJays North Pole Nicks Kerry Richardson (Liberal)
1984 Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Bill Bates (Grand Rapids)
1983 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Curtis Morgan (Grand Rapids)
1982 Santa Maria, California Indians Anchorage Glacier Pilots Dave Hengel (Santa Maria)
1981 Clarinda, Iowa A's Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Keith Mucha (Clarinda)
1980 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Kevin McReynolds (Fairbanks)
1979 Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Santa Maria, California Indians Gary D'Onofrio (Liberal)
1978 Boulder Collegians Rapid City, South Dakota Macy's Diesels Bob Ferris (Boulder)
1977 Peninsula Oilers Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Bob Skube (Peninsula)
1976 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Anchorage Glacier Pilots Greg Harris (Fairbanks)
1975 Boulder Collegians Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Mike Colbern (Boulder)
1974 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Boulder Collegians Steve Kemp (Fairbanks)
1973 Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Lee Iorg (Fairbanks)
1972 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Kerry Dineen (Fairbanks)
1971 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Bruce Bochte (Anchorage)
1970 Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians Anchorage Glacier Pilots Al Gerhardt (Grand Rapids)
1969 Anchorage Glacier Pilots Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Chris Chambliss (Anchorage)
1968 Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Jackson, Mississippi Braves Joe Tanner (Jackson)
1967 Boulder Collegians Honolulu, Hawaii Islanders Frank Duffy (Boulder)
1966 West Point, Mississippi Packers Ray Henningsen (Boulder)
1965 Wichita, Kansas Dreamliners Liberal, Kansas BeeJays Bob Boyd (Wichita Dreamliners)
1964 Wichita, Kansas Glassmen Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Dick Sanders (Wichita, Kansas Service Auto)
1963 Wichita, Kansas Dreamliners Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics Sam Suplizio (Fairbanks)
1962 Alaska Goldpanners of Fairbanks Rocky Krsnich (Wichita, Kansas Rapid Transit)
1961 Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians Al Ware (Grand Rapids)
1960 Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-Polynesians Ponchatoula, Louisiana Athletics Bob Seltzer (Tampa-Gibsonton, Florida)
1959 Houston, Texas Fed Elgin, Illinois Athletics Clyde Girrens (Wichita, Kansas Weller)
1958 Drain, Oregon Black Sox Alpine, Texas Cowboys Jim O'Rourke (Drain, Oregon Black Sox)
1957 Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers Fort Wayne, Indiana Dairymen Wilmer Fields (Fort Wayne)
1956 Fort Wayne, Indiana Dairymen Deming, Washington Loggers Clyde McCullough (Alpine, Texas Cowboys)
1955 Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers Daryl Spencer (Boeing)
1954 Springfield, Missouri Generals Don Lee (Casa Grande, Arizona Cotton Kings)
1953 Fort Leonard Wood Hilltoppers Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers Robert McKee (Fort Leonard Wood)
1952 Fort Myer Military District of WA Fort Leonard Wood Hilltoppers Danny O'Connell (Fort Myer)
1951 Sinton, Texas Plymouth Oilers Atwater, California Packers Steve Rapach (Sinton)
1950 Fort Wayne, Indiana Capeharts Elk City, Oklahoma Elks Pat Scantlebury (Fort Wayne)
1949 Fort Wayne, Indiana G-E Club Golden, Colorado Coors Bill Ricks (Fort Wayne)
1948 Elkin, North Carolina Chatham Blanketeers Veo Story (Elkin)
1947 Golden, Colorado Coors Bruno Konopka (Golden)
1946 St. Joseph, Michigan Auscos Carmichael, California Firemen Les Lollis (Carmichael)
1945 Enid Army Air Field Orlando Army Air Base Cot Deal (Enid)
1944 Sherman Field, Kansas Flyers Enid Army Air Field
1943 Camp Wheeler, Georgia Spokes George Archie (Fort Riley, Kansas CRTC)
1942 Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers Waco, Texas Dons Ed Borom (Boeing Bombers)
1941 Enid, Oklahoma Champlins Red Barkley (Enid)
1940 Mount Pleasant, Texas Cubs Vance Cauble (Enid)
1939 Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons Roy Helser (Silverton, Oregon Red Sox)
1938 Buford, Georgia Bona Allens Enid, Oklahoma Eason Oilers Andy Johnson (Buford)
1937 Enid, Oklahoma Eason Oilers Buford, Georgia Bona Allens Claude Gilchrist (Enid)
1936 Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons Harry White (Duncan)
1935 Bismarck, North Dakota Churchills Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons Satchel Paige (Bismarck)

NBC World Series Champions[7] and MVPs.[8]

NBC Graduate of the Year

[edit]
Year Player MLB Team NBC Team(s)
2022 C. J. Cron Los Angeles Angels  
2021 Jeff McNeil New York Mets Santa Barbara Foresters (2010 & 2011)  
2020 Tim Anderson Chicago White Sox Dodge City A's  
2019 Jed Lowrie New York Yankees Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2011)  
2018 Aaron Judge New York Yankees Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2011)  
2017 Danny Valencia Baltimore Orioles Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2005)
2016 Ian Kinsler Detroit Tigers Liberal BeeJays (2001)
2015 Hunter Pence San Francisco Giants Liberal BeeJays (2003)
2012 Michael Young Texas Rangers Alaska Goldpanners (1996)
2011 Heath Bell San Diego Padres El Dorado Broncos (1997)
2010 Mark Teixeira New York Yankees Maryland Battlecats (1998)
2009 Tim Lincecum San Francisco Giants Seattle Studs (2004)
2008 Joba Chamberlain New York Yankees Beatrice Bruins (2004 & 2005)
2007 Jeff Francis Colorado Rockies Anchorage Glacier Pilots (2001)
2006 B. J. Ryan Toronto Blue Jays Hays Larks (1996)
2005 Morgan Ensberg Houston Astros Santa Barbara Foresters (1996)
2004 Nate Robertson Detroit Tigers El Dorado Broncos (1996 & 1998)
2003 Albert Pujols St. Louis Cardinals Hays Larks (1999)
2002 Lance Berkman Houston Astros Hays Larks (1995)
2001 Luis Gonzalez Arizona Diamondbacks North Pole Nicks (1987)
2000 Eric Karros Los Angeles Dodgers North Pole Nicks (1987)
1999 Trevor Hoffman San Diego Padres Nevada Griffons (1987)
1998 Robin Ventura Chicago White Sox Santa Marian Indians (1986)
1997 Brett Butler Los Angeles Dodgers OK City Utility Towers (1977)/Hutchinson Broncos (1978)
1996 Chuck Knoblauch Minnesota Twins Clarinda A's (1987)
1995 Mark Grace Chicago Cubs North Pole Nicks (1985)
1994 Jimmy Key New York Yankees Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1981)
1993 Barry Bonds San Francisco Giants Fairbanks Goldpanners (1983)/Hutchinson Broncos (1984)
1992 Andy Benes San Diego Padres Clarinda A's (1987)
1991 Bob Welch Oakland A's Boulder Collegians (1976)
1990 John Olerud Toronto Blue Jays Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1988)
1989 Rafael Palmeiro Texas Rangers Hutchinson Broncos (1984)
1988 Mark McGwire Oakland A's Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1982)
1987 Joe Carter Cleveland Indians Boulder Collegians (1979)
1986 Roger Clemens Boston Red Sox Hutchinson Broncos (1982)
1985 Tony Gwynn San Diego Padres Boulder Collegians (1980)
1984 Ron Kittle Chicago White Sox Chicago AHEPA (1978)
1983 Dave Stieb Toronto Blue Jays Kenai Peninsula Oilers (1977 & 1978)
1982 Steve Rogers Montreal Expos Liberal Bee Jays (1980)
1981 Steve Kemp Pittsburgh Pirates Liberal BeeJays (1973)/Fairbanks (1974)
1980 Bruce Bochte Oakland A's Humboldt Crabs (1969)/Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1971)
1979 Dave Winfield San Diego Padres Fairbanks Goldpanners (1971 & 1972)
1978 Ron Guidry New York Yankees Liberal Bee Jays (1970)
1977 Chris Chambliss Atlanta Braves Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1969)
1976 Randy Jones New York Mets Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1971)
1975 Mike Hargrove Cleveland Indians Liberal BeeJays (1972)

Since 1975 the NBC World Series has recognized a former participant as "Graduate of the Year".[9]

History

[edit]

Founder

[edit]

Founder Raymond Harry "Hap" Dumont (1904–1971) spent his career working in sports. Early in life, he was a sports editor for newspapers in Wichita and Hutchinson. He also promoted boxing and wrestling matches. When the opportunity arose, he sold sporting equipment, succeeding in the mail-order business even as the great depression lingered.[10]

Dumont got his start promoting baseball with a game between circus clowns and firemen in 1925. Kansas had blue laws at the time that limited business activities on Sundays; that included the circus but not baseball. Sparks Bros Circus clowns and roustabouts inquired about playing a local baseball team to earn some extra money on their day off. Dumont setup the game at Island Park located on Ackerman Island in Wichita. Abe Goldstein, a famous clown, performed on the field and in the stands. The clowns did not provide all of the tricks as the Firemen's centerfielder patrolled the outfield on the back of a motorcycle driven by a policeman. A sellout crowd of 3,500 turned out to see the game.[11][12][13]

Island Park burnt down in 1933 when a cigarette ignited the wooden structure. Without a venue to host his baseball games, Dumont petitioned the city of Wichita for a W.P.A. project to construct a new stadium. He presented an idea for a national, semi-professional baseball tournament to be held in Wichita. An idea that had not occurred to Dumont prior to the conversation.[13] Lawrence Stadium was constructed prior to the 1934 baseball season. In 1978, Lawrence Stadium was renamed Lawrence-Dumont Stadium in honor of Dumont.[14]

Dumont continued to use gimmicks to promote his baseball tournaments. Games were held early in the morning when graveyard shifts ended. An emphasis was put on "wumps", women umpires. One rule allowed the batter to run to either first or third base when the bases were unoccupied. Dumont had a microphone installed at home plate. When activated the microphone would rise up from the ground, allowing arguments at the plate to be broadcast to the whole stadium. To keep games moving at a rapid pace, he implemented an air device that could dust home plate. A timer with a buzzer was installed on the outfield wall. If either team took more than 90 seconds between innings or 20 seconds between pitches, a ball or strike was awarded to penalize the offender[13][15]

In 1945, Dumont created a national uproar with a plan for a global tournament. Just five days after Japan surrendered in World War II, Dumont announced his plan for a September tournament that would include an invitation to Japan. Dumont quickly withdrew the proposal and the tournament was not held.[16] Five years later with the authorization of General Douglas MacArthur, the series was held in Tokyo and Osaka Japan.[17]

Dumont died in his office on July 3, 1971 while preparing for the 1971 National Baseball Congress World Series.[18] His wife, Anne Dumont, retained ownership of the National Baseball Congress with Larry Davis leading the organization.[19]

National Baseball Congress

[edit]

The National Baseball Congress is best known for promoting amateur baseball games, but their reach extended beyond the games. The National Baseball Congress printed an Official Baseball Annual that included two hundred pages of rules and records. A pocket size version of baseball rules was also printed. Certification was provided for umpires, scorers and leagues through the National Baseball Congress. Player contracts were tracked via a national system to prevent "team jumping". The organization also sold trophies, medals, baseballs, umpire equipment and even insurance.[13]

Wichita businessman Dee Hubbard purchased the National Baseball Congress in 1972, following the death of Hap Dumont. The organization was renamed National Baseball Congress of America.[20]

State Tournaments

[edit]

In 1931, Dumont established the Kansas Invitation Baseball Tournament to determine a semi-pro champion in the state of Kansas. Thirty-two teams were invited to the inaugural event, a single elimination tournament held at Island Park in Wichita.[21] Abilene won the first Kansas tournament.[22]

Additional state tournaments were organized in the following years, eventually including all fifty states. When the national tournament, NBC World Series, was established in 1935 the state tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[23]

The state tournaments eventually became qualifying tournaments to regional tournaments, rather than the national tournament. Regional tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[24]

Global Tournaments

[edit]

With district, state, regional and a national tournament in place, Dumont set out to establish a non-professional global tournament. He started in 1939, with a seven-game series between the NBC World Series champion representing the United States and the Puerto Rico national champion from Guayama. In 1948, a Can-Am Series with Canada was billed as the Sandlot Baseball World Series. 1950 and 1952 matched the NBC World Series champion against Japan in the Inter-Hemisphere Series.[25]

International Series

Year United States Opponent Location Result
1952 Fort Myer, Virginia Colonials Japan, Osaka All-Kanebo Korakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2) Fort Myer in 5 Games[26]
1950 Fort Wayne, Indiana General Electrics Japan, Osaka All-Kanebo Korakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2) Fort Wayne in 5 Games[27]
1949 Fort Wayne, Indiana Kekiongas Canada, Kitchener, Ontario Legionnaires Fort Wayne, Indiana Fort Wayne in 6 Games. Spring 1950.[28]
1948 Fort Wayne, Indiana General Electrics Canada, London Majors Labatt Park London in 7 Games[29]
1940 Enid, Oklahoma Champlins Puerto Rico, Guayama Brujos Sixto Escobar Stadium Enid in 7 Games[30]
1939 Duncan, Oklahoma Halliburtons Puerto Rico, Guayama Brujos Sixto Escobar Stadium Guayama in 7 Games[31]

In 1955, a non-professional Global Series was organized. Teams representing Canada, Columbia, Hawaii (a U.S. Territory until 1959), Holland, Japan, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Spain played in the eight team tournament. The NBC World Series champion represented the United States.[32][33] The Global Series only lasted three seasons.

Global Series 1955–1957

Year Champion Runner-Up Location
1957 Japan, Kumagai Gumi[34][35] Canada, Edmonton Eskimos Briggs Stadium
1956 United States, Fort Wayne, Indiana Allen Dairy[36] Hawaii, Honolulu Red Sox Milwaukee County Stadium
1955 United States, Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers[37] Hawaii, Honolulu Red Sox Milwaukee County Stadium

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "MLB Alumni". NBC Baseball.
  2. ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 144. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
  3. ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 42. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
  4. ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. p. 180. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
  5. ^ "Big League Stars Out". The Wichita Eagle and Beacon. July 26, 1955. p. 17.
  6. ^ "Monarchs Baseball Home Page". MonarchsBaseball.org.
  7. ^ "NBC World Series Champions". NBC Baseball.
  8. ^ "NBC Baseball MVPs". NBC Baseball.
  9. ^ "Graduate of the Year". NBC Baseball.
  10. ^ Broeg, Bob (January 1989). Baseball's Barnum. Wichita State University. pp. 8–9. ASIN B000N5TG6G.
  11. ^ "FAMOUS CLOWN WILL ENTERTAIN FANS". The Wichita Daily Eagle. August 11, 1925. p. 14.
  12. ^ "FIREMEN TO STAGE NOVEL BASEBALL STUNTS SUNDAY". The Wichita Daily Eagle. August 16, 1925. pp. 14–15.
  13. ^ a b c d Dilsaver, Dick (August 15, 1968). "Ray Dumont Parallels Barnum With Promotions of Baseball". The Wichita Eagle. p. 25.
  14. ^ Wichita Beacon Staff. "Stadium is Renamed", The Wichita Beacon, May 23, 1978, p.26.
  15. ^ Lardner, John. "From the Press Box", Evening Star, August 15, 1940, p.46.
  16. ^ U.P. "CELLER BLASTS DUMONTS PROPOSAL", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 20, 1945, p.11.
  17. ^ Grayson, Harry. "Inter-Hemisphere Baseball Tourney Planned in Japan", Shamokin News-Dispatch, June 5, 1950, p.10.
  18. ^ Mullen, Dale. "Ray Dumont Wichita Baseball Promoter Dies", The Wichita Beacon, July 4, 1971, pp.1,9.
  19. ^ Stewart, Bob. "Davis to Guide NBC Programs", The Wichita Beacon, July 11, 1971, p.51.
  20. ^ Hodge, Bill (February 3, 1972). "Final Chapter of Dumonts Long Career Unfolds With Sale of Baseball Congress". The Wichita Eagle. p. 30.
  21. ^ "STATES BEST BALL CLUBS IN TOURNEY FOR KANSAS TITLE". The Wichita Eagle. August 2, 1931. p. 21.
  22. ^ "Abilene Wins Baseball Tourney". The Wichita Eagle. August 17, 1931. p. 2.
  23. ^ "OUTLINE PROGRAM OF NATIONAL MEET". The Wichita Eagle. September 8, 1935. p. 24.
  24. ^ "NBC: Same Goals Only Streamlined". The Wichita Eagle and Beacon. July 13, 1975. p. 6E.
  25. ^ Martin, Whitney (September 1, 1939). "Duncan Champions Gape Gasp At Big City Then Sail Away". The Daily Oklahoman. p. 31.
  26. ^ "Calderone Stars As Myer Wins 9–1". Daily Press. September 18, 1952. p. 8.
  27. ^ Lightner, Pete (September 22, 1950). "Capeharts Praise Japanese Fans". The Wichita Eagle. p. 8.
  28. ^ "Fort Wayne Wins Baseball Crown". The Sault Star. May 13, 1950. p. 12.
  29. ^ "London Majors Rip Voltmen". The Wichita Eagle. September 30, 1948. p. 12.
  30. ^ "Enid Defeats Puerto Rico". The Wichita Eagle. October 2, 1940. p. 10.
  31. ^ "DUNCAN IS TWICE DEFEATED SUNDAY BY PUERTO RICO". The Wichita Eagle. September 18, 1939. p. 8.
  32. ^ "Milwaukee Host to Global Series". The Capital Times. September 7, 1955. p. 19.
  33. ^ "Global Series Opens Friday". The Wichita Eagle. September 2, 1956. p. 23.
  34. ^ Fleming, Don (September 19, 1957). "Japan's Tiny Terror Osawa Rips Ball Crown Hopes Away From Esks". Edmonton Journal. p. 12.
  35. ^ "Japan Nine Here For Games Sunday". The Honolulu Advertiser. September 26, 1957. p. 47.
  36. ^ "GLOBAL CHAMPIONS AND SPOILS". The Wichita Eagle. September 15, 1956. p. 20.
  37. ^ Lightner, Pete (September 30, 1955). "Boeing Whips Hawaii in 11th for Global Title". The Wichita Eagle. p. 13.
[edit]